fix: only lock shared tasks if an exclusive is running

* refactor(repositories): add a locking mechanism for restic operations

* fix: add missing lock in list repositories

README.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ In order to run Zerobyte, you need to have Docker and Docker Compose installed o
 ```yaml
 services:
   zerobyte:
-    image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.13
+    image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.15
     container_name: zerobyte
     restart: unless-stopped
     cap_add:
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ If you want to track a local directory on the same server where Zerobyte is runn
 ```diff
 services:
   zerobyte:
-    image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.13
+    image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.15
     container_name: zerobyte
     restart: unless-stopped
     cap_add:
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ Zerobyte can use [rclone](https://rclone.org/) to support 40+ cloud storage prov
    ```diff
    services:
      zerobyte:
-       image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.13
+       image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.15
        container_name: zerobyte
        restart: unless-stopped
        cap_add:
@@ -205,7 +205,7 @@ In order to enable this feature, you need to change your bind mount `/var/lib/ze
 ```diff
 services:
   zerobyte:
-    image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.13
+    image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.15
     container_name: zerobyte
     restart: unless-stopped
     ports:
@@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ In order to enable this feature, you need to run Zerobyte with several items sha
 ```diff
 services:
   zerobyte:
-    image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.13
+    image: ghcr.io/nicotsx/zerobyte:v0.15
     container_name: zerobyte
     restart: unless-stopped
     cap_add:

app/client/modules/backups/routes/backup-details.tsx

@@ -70,8 +70,6 @@ export default function ScheduleDetailsPage({ params, loaderData }: Route.Compon
 	const { data: schedule } = useQuery({
 		...getBackupScheduleOptions({ path: { scheduleId: params.id } }),
 		initialData: loaderData.schedule,
-		refetchInterval: 10000,
-		refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
 	});
 
 	const {

app/client/modules/backups/routes/backups.tsx

@@ -33,8 +33,6 @@ export default function Backups({ loaderData }: Route.ComponentProps) {
 	const { data: schedules, isLoading } = useQuery({
 		...listBackupSchedulesOptions(),
 		initialData: loaderData,
-		refetchInterval: 10000,
-		refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
 	});
 
 	if (isLoading) {

app/client/modules/notifications/routes/notifications.tsx

@@ -49,8 +49,6 @@ export default function Notifications({ loaderData }: Route.ComponentProps) {
 	const { data } = useQuery({
 		...listNotificationDestinationsOptions(),
 		initialData: loaderData,
-		refetchInterval: 10000,
-		refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
 	});
 
 	const filteredNotifications =

app/client/modules/repositories/routes/repositories.tsx

@@ -50,8 +50,6 @@ export default function Repositories({ loaderData }: Route.ComponentProps) {
 	const { data } = useQuery({
 		...listRepositoriesOptions(),
 		initialData: loaderData,
-		refetchInterval: 10000,
-		refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
 	});
 
 	const filteredRepositories =

app/client/modules/repositories/routes/repository-details.tsx

@@ -64,8 +64,6 @@ export default function RepositoryDetailsPage({ loaderData }: Route.ComponentPro
 	const { data } = useQuery({
 		...getRepositoryOptions({ path: { name: loaderData.name } }),
 		initialData: loaderData,
-		refetchInterval: 10000,
-		refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
 	});
 
 	useEffect(() => {

app/client/modules/repositories/tabs/snapshots.tsx

@@ -18,8 +18,6 @@ export const RepositorySnapshotsTabContent = ({ repository }: Props) => {
 
 	const { data, isFetching, failureReason } = useQuery({
 		...listSnapshotsOptions({ path: { name: repository.name } }),
-		refetchInterval: 10000,
-		refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
 		initialData: [],
 	});
 

app/client/modules/volumes/routes/volume-details.tsx

@@ -71,8 +71,6 @@ export default function VolumeDetails({ loaderData }: Route.ComponentProps) {
 	const { data } = useQuery({
 		...getVolumeOptions({ path: { name: name ?? "" } }),
 		initialData: loaderData,
-		refetchInterval: 10000,
-		refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
 	});
 
 	const { capabilities } = useSystemInfo();

app/client/modules/volumes/routes/volumes.tsx

@@ -61,8 +61,6 @@ export default function Volumes({ loaderData }: Route.ComponentProps) {
 	const { data } = useQuery({
 		...listVolumesOptions(),
 		initialData: loaderData,
-		refetchInterval: 10000,
-		refetchOnWindowFocus: true,
 	});
 
 	const filteredVolumes =

app/server/core/repository-mutex.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+import { logger } from "../utils/logger";
+
+export type LockType = "shared" | "exclusive";
+
+interface LockHolder {
+	id: string;
+	operation: string;
+	acquiredAt: number;
+}
+
+interface RepositoryLockState {
+	sharedHolders: Map<string, LockHolder>;
+	exclusiveHolder: LockHolder | null;
+	waitQueue: Array<{
+		type: LockType;
+		operation: string;
+		resolve: (lockId: string) => void;
+	}>;
+}
+
+class RepositoryMutex {
+	private locks = new Map<string, RepositoryLockState>();
+	private lockIdCounter = 0;
+
+	private getOrCreateState(repositoryId: string): RepositoryLockState {
+		let state = this.locks.get(repositoryId);
+		if (!state) {
+			state = {
+				sharedHolders: new Map(),
+				exclusiveHolder: null,
+				waitQueue: [],
+			};
+			this.locks.set(repositoryId, state);
+		}
+		return state;
+	}
+
+	private generateLockId(): string {
+		return `lock_${++this.lockIdCounter}_${Date.now()}`;
+	}
+
+	private cleanupStateIfEmpty(repositoryId: string): void {
+		const state = this.locks.get(repositoryId);
+		if (state && state.sharedHolders.size === 0 && !state.exclusiveHolder && state.waitQueue.length === 0) {
+			this.locks.delete(repositoryId);
+		}
+	}
+
+	async acquireShared(repositoryId: string, operation: string): Promise<() => void> {
+		const state = this.getOrCreateState(repositoryId);
+
+		if (!state.exclusiveHolder) {
+			const lockId = this.generateLockId();
+			state.sharedHolders.set(lockId, {
+				id: lockId,
+				operation,
+				acquiredAt: Date.now(),
+			});
+			return () => this.releaseShared(repositoryId, lockId);
+		}
+
+		logger.debug(
+			`[Mutex] Waiting for shared lock on repo ${repositoryId}: ${operation} (exclusive held by: ${state.exclusiveHolder.operation})`,
+		);
+		const lockId = await new Promise<string>((resolve) => {
+			state.waitQueue.push({ type: "shared", operation, resolve });
+		});
+
+		return () => this.releaseShared(repositoryId, lockId);
+	}
+
+	async acquireExclusive(repositoryId: string, operation: string): Promise<() => void> {
+		const state = this.getOrCreateState(repositoryId);
+
+		if (!state.exclusiveHolder && state.sharedHolders.size === 0 && state.waitQueue.length === 0) {
+			const lockId = this.generateLockId();
+			state.exclusiveHolder = {
+				id: lockId,
+				operation,
+				acquiredAt: Date.now(),
+			};
+			return () => this.releaseExclusive(repositoryId, lockId);
+		}
+
+		logger.debug(
+			`[Mutex] Waiting for exclusive lock on repo ${repositoryId}: ${operation} (shared: ${state.sharedHolders.size}, exclusive: ${state.exclusiveHolder ? "yes" : "no"}, queue: ${state.waitQueue.length})`,
+		);
+		const lockId = await new Promise<string>((resolve) => {
+			state.waitQueue.push({ type: "exclusive", operation, resolve });
+		});
+
+		logger.debug(`[Mutex] Acquired exclusive lock for repo ${repositoryId}: ${operation} (${lockId})`);
+		return () => this.releaseExclusive(repositoryId, lockId);
+	}
+
+	private releaseShared(repositoryId: string, lockId: string): void {
+		const state = this.locks.get(repositoryId);
+		if (!state) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const holder = state.sharedHolders.get(lockId);
+		if (!holder) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		state.sharedHolders.delete(lockId);
+		const duration = Date.now() - holder.acquiredAt;
+		logger.debug(`[Mutex] Released shared lock for repo ${repositoryId}: ${holder.operation} (held for ${duration}ms)`);
+
+		this.processWaitQueue(repositoryId);
+		this.cleanupStateIfEmpty(repositoryId);
+	}
+
+	private releaseExclusive(repositoryId: string, lockId: string): void {
+		const state = this.locks.get(repositoryId);
+		if (!state) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (!state.exclusiveHolder || state.exclusiveHolder.id !== lockId) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const duration = Date.now() - state.exclusiveHolder.acquiredAt;
+		logger.debug(
+			`[Mutex] Released exclusive lock for repo ${repositoryId}: ${state.exclusiveHolder.operation} (held for ${duration}ms)`,
+		);
+		state.exclusiveHolder = null;
+
+		this.processWaitQueue(repositoryId);
+		this.cleanupStateIfEmpty(repositoryId);
+	}
+
+	private processWaitQueue(repositoryId: string): void {
+		const state = this.locks.get(repositoryId);
+		if (!state || state.waitQueue.length === 0) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		if (state.exclusiveHolder) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		const firstWaiter = state.waitQueue[0];
+
+		if (firstWaiter.type === "exclusive") {
+			if (state.sharedHolders.size === 0) {
+				state.waitQueue.shift();
+				const lockId = this.generateLockId();
+				state.exclusiveHolder = {
+					id: lockId,
+					operation: firstWaiter.operation,
+					acquiredAt: Date.now(),
+				};
+				firstWaiter.resolve(lockId);
+			}
+		} else {
+			while (state.waitQueue.length > 0 && state.waitQueue[0].type === "shared") {
+				const waiter = state.waitQueue.shift();
+				if (!waiter) break;
+				const lockId = this.generateLockId();
+				state.sharedHolders.set(lockId, {
+					id: lockId,
+					operation: waiter.operation,
+					acquiredAt: Date.now(),
+				});
+				waiter.resolve(lockId);
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	isLocked(repositoryId: string): boolean {
+		const state = this.locks.get(repositoryId);
+		if (!state) return false;
+		return state.exclusiveHolder !== null || state.sharedHolders.size > 0;
+	}
+}
+
+export const repoMutex = new RepositoryMutex();

app/server/jobs/repository-healthchecks.ts

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import { logger } from "../utils/logger";
 import { db } from "../db/db";
 import { eq, or } from "drizzle-orm";
 import { repositoriesTable } from "../db/schema";
+import { repoMutex } from "../core/repository-mutex";
 
 export class RepositoryHealthCheckJob extends Job {
 	async run() {
@@ -14,6 +15,11 @@ export class RepositoryHealthCheckJob extends Job {
 		});
 
 		for (const repository of repositories) {
+			if (repoMutex.isLocked(repository.id)) {
+				logger.debug(`Skipping health check for repository ${repository.name}: currently locked`);
+				continue;
+			}
+
 			try {
 				await repositoriesService.checkHealth(repository.id);
 			} catch (error) {

app/server/modules/backups/backups.service.ts

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import type { CreateBackupScheduleBody, UpdateBackupScheduleBody } from "./backu
 import { toMessage } from "../../utils/errors";
 import { serverEvents } from "../../core/events";
 import { notificationsService } from "../notifications/notifications.service";
+import { repoMutex } from "../../core/repository-mutex";
 
 const runningBackups = new Map<number, AbortController>();
 
@@ -241,21 +242,33 @@ const executeBackup = async (scheduleId: number, manual = false) => {
 			backupOptions.include = schedule.includePatterns;
 		}
 
-		const { exitCode } = await restic.backup(repository.config, volumePath, {
-			...backupOptions,
-			compressionMode: repository.compressionMode ?? "auto",
-			onProgress: (progress) => {
-				serverEvents.emit("backup:progress", {
-					scheduleId,
-					volumeName: volume.name,
-					repositoryName: repository.name,
-					...progress,
-				});
-			},
-		});
+		const releaseBackupLock = await repoMutex.acquireShared(repository.id, `backup:${volume.name}`);
+		let exitCode: number;
+		try {
+			const result = await restic.backup(repository.config, volumePath, {
+				...backupOptions,
+				compressionMode: repository.compressionMode ?? "auto",
+				onProgress: (progress) => {
+					serverEvents.emit("backup:progress", {
+						scheduleId,
+						volumeName: volume.name,
+						repositoryName: repository.name,
+						...progress,
+					});
+				},
+			});
+			exitCode = result.exitCode;
+		} finally {
+			releaseBackupLock();
+		}
 
 		if (schedule.retentionPolicy) {
-			await restic.forget(repository.config, schedule.retentionPolicy, { tag: schedule.id.toString() });
+			const releaseForgetLock = await repoMutex.acquireExclusive(repository.id, `forget:${volume.name}`);
+			try {
+				await restic.forget(repository.config, schedule.retentionPolicy, { tag: schedule.id.toString() });
+			} finally {
+				releaseForgetLock();
+			}
 		}
 
 		const nextBackupAt = calculateNextRun(schedule.cronExpression);
@@ -403,7 +416,13 @@ const runForget = async (scheduleId: number) => {
 	}
 
 	logger.info(`Manually running retention policy (forget) for schedule ${scheduleId}`);
-	await restic.forget(repository.config, schedule.retentionPolicy, { tag: schedule.id.toString() });
+	const releaseLock = await repoMutex.acquireExclusive(repository.id, `forget:manual:${scheduleId}`);
+	try {
+		await restic.forget(repository.config, schedule.retentionPolicy, { tag: schedule.id.toString() });
+	} finally {
+		releaseLock();
+	}
+
 	logger.info(`Retention policy applied successfully for schedule ${scheduleId}`);
 };
 

app/server/modules/lifecycle/startup.ts

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ export const startup = async () => {
 
 	Scheduler.build(CleanupDanglingMountsJob).schedule("0 * * * *");
 	Scheduler.build(VolumeHealthCheckJob).schedule("*/30 * * * *");
-	Scheduler.build(RepositoryHealthCheckJob).schedule("0 12 * * *");
+	Scheduler.build(RepositoryHealthCheckJob).schedule("50 12 * * *");
 	Scheduler.build(BackupExecutionJob).schedule("* * * * *");
 	Scheduler.build(CleanupSessionsJob).schedule("0 0 * * *");
 };

app/server/modules/repositories/repositories.service.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import { toMessage } from "../../utils/errors";
 import { generateShortId } from "../../utils/id";
 import { restic } from "../../utils/restic";
 import { cryptoUtils } from "../../utils/crypto";
+import { repoMutex } from "../../core/repository-mutex";
 import type { CompressionMode, OverwriteMode, RepositoryConfig } from "~/schemas/restic";
 
 const listRepositories = async () => {
@@ -160,15 +161,20 @@ const listSnapshots = async (name: string, backupId?: string) => {
 		throw new NotFoundError("Repository not found");
 	}
 
-	let snapshots = [];
+	const releaseLock = await repoMutex.acquireShared(repository.id, "snapshots");
+	try {
+		let snapshots = [];
 
-	if (backupId) {
-		snapshots = await restic.snapshots(repository.config, { tags: [backupId.toString()] });
-	} else {
-		snapshots = await restic.snapshots(repository.config);
+		if (backupId) {
+			snapshots = await restic.snapshots(repository.config, { tags: [backupId.toString()] });
+		} else {
+			snapshots = await restic.snapshots(repository.config);
+		}
+
+		return snapshots;
+	} finally {
+		releaseLock();
 	}
-
-	return snapshots;
 };
 
 const listSnapshotFiles = async (name: string, snapshotId: string, path?: string) => {
@@ -180,22 +186,27 @@ const listSnapshotFiles = async (name: string, snapshotId: string, path?: string
 		throw new NotFoundError("Repository not found");
 	}
 
-	const result = await restic.ls(repository.config, snapshotId, path);
+	const releaseLock = await repoMutex.acquireShared(repository.id, `ls:${snapshotId}`);
+	try {
+		const result = await restic.ls(repository.config, snapshotId, path);
 
-	if (!result.snapshot) {
-		throw new NotFoundError("Snapshot not found or empty");
+		if (!result.snapshot) {
+			throw new NotFoundError("Snapshot not found or empty");
+		}
+
+		return {
+			snapshot: {
+				id: result.snapshot.id,
+				short_id: result.snapshot.short_id,
+				time: result.snapshot.time,
+				hostname: result.snapshot.hostname,
+				paths: result.snapshot.paths,
+			},
+			files: result.nodes,
+		};
+	} finally {
+		releaseLock();
 	}
-
-	return {
-		snapshot: {
-			id: result.snapshot.id,
-			short_id: result.snapshot.short_id,
-			time: result.snapshot.time,
-			hostname: result.snapshot.hostname,
-			paths: result.snapshot.paths,
-		},
-		files: result.nodes,
-	};
 };
 
 const restoreSnapshot = async (
@@ -220,14 +231,19 @@ const restoreSnapshot = async (
 
 	const target = options?.targetPath || "/";
 
-	const result = await restic.restore(repository.config, snapshotId, target, options);
+	const releaseLock = await repoMutex.acquireShared(repository.id, `restore:${snapshotId}`);
+	try {
+		const result = await restic.restore(repository.config, snapshotId, target, options);
 
-	return {
-		success: true,
-		message: "Snapshot restored successfully",
-		filesRestored: result.files_restored,
-		filesSkipped: result.files_skipped,
-	};
+		return {
+			success: true,
+			message: "Snapshot restored successfully",
+			filesRestored: result.files_restored,
+			filesSkipped: result.files_skipped,
+		};
+	} finally {
+		releaseLock();
+	}
 };
 
 const getSnapshotDetails = async (name: string, snapshotId: string) => {
@@ -239,14 +255,19 @@ const getSnapshotDetails = async (name: string, snapshotId: string) => {
 		throw new NotFoundError("Repository not found");
 	}
 
-	const snapshots = await restic.snapshots(repository.config);
-	const snapshot = snapshots.find((snap) => snap.id === snapshotId || snap.short_id === snapshotId);
+	const releaseLock = await repoMutex.acquireShared(repository.id, `snapshot_details:${snapshotId}`);
+	try {
+		const snapshots = await restic.snapshots(repository.config);
+		const snapshot = snapshots.find((snap) => snap.id === snapshotId || snap.short_id === snapshotId);
 
-	if (!snapshot) {
-		throw new NotFoundError("Snapshot not found");
+		if (!snapshot) {
+			throw new NotFoundError("Snapshot not found");
+		}
+
+		return snapshot;
+	} finally {
+		releaseLock();
 	}
-
-	return snapshot;
 };
 
 const checkHealth = async (repositoryId: string) => {
@@ -258,18 +279,23 @@ const checkHealth = async (repositoryId: string) => {
 		throw new NotFoundError("Repository not found");
 	}
 
-	const { hasErrors, error } = await restic.check(repository.config);
+	const releaseLock = await repoMutex.acquireExclusive(repository.id, "check");
+	try {
+		const { hasErrors, error } = await restic.check(repository.config);
 
-	await db
-		.update(repositoriesTable)
-		.set({
-			status: hasErrors ? "error" : "healthy",
-			lastChecked: Date.now(),
-			lastError: error,
-		})
-		.where(eq(repositoriesTable.id, repository.id));
+		await db
+			.update(repositoriesTable)
+			.set({
+				status: hasErrors ? "error" : "healthy",
+				lastChecked: Date.now(),
+				lastError: error,
+			})
+			.where(eq(repositoriesTable.id, repository.id));
 
-	return { lastError: error };
+		return { lastError: error };
+	} finally {
+		releaseLock();
+	}
 };
 
 const doctorRepository = async (name: string) => {
@@ -295,48 +321,51 @@ const doctorRepository = async (name: string) => {
 		error: unlockResult.error,
 	});
 
-	const checkResult = await restic.check(repository.config, { readData: false }).then(
-		(result) => result,
-		(error) => ({ success: false, output: null, error: toMessage(error), hasErrors: true }),
-	);
-
-	steps.push({
-		step: "check",
-		success: checkResult.success,
-		output: checkResult.output,
-		error: checkResult.error,
-	});
-
-	if (checkResult.hasErrors) {
-		const repairResult = await restic.repairIndex(repository.config).then(
-			(result) => ({ success: true, output: result.output, error: null }),
-			(error) => ({ success: false, output: null, error: toMessage(error) }),
-		);
-
-		steps.push({
-			step: "repair_index",
-			success: repairResult.success,
-			output: repairResult.output,
-			error: repairResult.error,
-		});
-
-		const recheckResult = await restic.check(repository.config, { readData: false }).then(
+	const releaseLock = await repoMutex.acquireExclusive(repository.id, "doctor");
+	try {
+		const checkResult = await restic.check(repository.config, { readData: false }).then(
 			(result) => result,
 			(error) => ({ success: false, output: null, error: toMessage(error), hasErrors: true }),
 		);
 
 		steps.push({
-			step: "recheck",
-			success: recheckResult.success,
-			output: recheckResult.output,
-			error: recheckResult.error,
+			step: "check",
+			success: checkResult.success,
+			output: checkResult.output,
+			error: checkResult.error,
 		});
+
+		if (checkResult.hasErrors) {
+			const repairResult = await restic.repairIndex(repository.config).then(
+				(result) => ({ success: true, output: result.output, error: null }),
+				(error) => ({ success: false, output: null, error: toMessage(error) }),
+			);
+
+			steps.push({
+				step: "repair_index",
+				success: repairResult.success,
+				output: repairResult.output,
+				error: repairResult.error,
+			});
+
+			const recheckResult = await restic.check(repository.config, { readData: false }).then(
+				(result) => result,
+				(error) => ({ success: false, output: null, error: toMessage(error), hasErrors: true }),
+			);
+
+			steps.push({
+				step: "recheck",
+				success: recheckResult.success,
+				output: recheckResult.output,
+				error: recheckResult.error,
+			});
+		}
+	} finally {
+		releaseLock();
 	}
 
 	const allSuccessful = steps.every((s) => s.success);
 
-	console.log("Doctor steps:", steps);
-
 	await db
 		.update(repositoriesTable)
 		.set({
@@ -361,7 +390,12 @@ const deleteSnapshot = async (name: string, snapshotId: string) => {
 		throw new NotFoundError("Repository not found");
 	}
 
-	await restic.deleteSnapshot(repository.config, snapshotId);
+	const releaseLock = await repoMutex.acquireExclusive(repository.id, `delete:${snapshotId}`);
+	try {
+		await restic.deleteSnapshot(repository.config, snapshotId);
+	} finally {
+		releaseLock();
+	}
 };
 
 const updateRepository = async (name: string, updates: { name?: string; compressionMode?: CompressionMode }) => {

app/server/utils/restic.ts

@@ -200,8 +200,8 @@ const init = async (config: RepositoryConfig) => {
 
 	const env = await buildEnv(config);
 
-	const args = ["init", "--repo", repoUrl, "--json"];
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
+	const args = ["init", "--repo", repoUrl];
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const res = await $`restic ${args}`.env(env).nothrow();
 	await cleanupTemporaryKeys(config, env);
@@ -277,8 +277,7 @@ const backup = async (
 		}
 	}
 
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
-	args.push("--json");
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const logData = throttle((data: string) => {
 		logger.info(data.trim());
@@ -404,8 +403,7 @@ const restore = async (
 		}
 	}
 
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
-	args.push("--json");
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	logger.debug(`Executing: restic ${args.join(" ")}`);
 	const res = await $`restic ${args}`.env(env).nothrow();
@@ -468,8 +466,7 @@ const snapshots = async (config: RepositoryConfig, options: { tags?: string[] }
 		}
 	}
 
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
-	args.push("--json");
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const res = await $`restic ${args}`.env(env).nothrow().quiet();
 	await cleanupTemporaryKeys(config, env);
@@ -518,8 +515,7 @@ const forget = async (config: RepositoryConfig, options: RetentionPolicy, extra:
 	}
 
 	args.push("--prune");
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
-	args.push("--json");
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const res = await $`restic ${args}`.env(env).nothrow();
 	await cleanupTemporaryKeys(config, env);
@@ -537,7 +533,7 @@ const deleteSnapshot = async (config: RepositoryConfig, snapshotId: string) => {
 	const env = await buildEnv(config);
 
 	const args: string[] = ["--repo", repoUrl, "forget", snapshotId, "--prune"];
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const res = await $`restic ${args}`.env(env).nothrow();
 	await cleanupTemporaryKeys(config, env);
@@ -581,13 +577,13 @@ const ls = async (config: RepositoryConfig, snapshotId: string, path?: string) =
 	const repoUrl = buildRepoUrl(config);
 	const env = await buildEnv(config);
 
-	const args: string[] = ["--repo", repoUrl, "ls", snapshotId, "--json", "--long"];
+	const args: string[] = ["--repo", repoUrl, "ls", snapshotId, "--long"];
 
 	if (path) {
 		args.push(path);
 	}
 
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const res = await safeSpawn({ command: "restic", args, env });
 	await cleanupTemporaryKeys(config, env);
@@ -637,8 +633,8 @@ const unlock = async (config: RepositoryConfig) => {
 	const repoUrl = buildRepoUrl(config);
 	const env = await buildEnv(config);
 
-	const args = ["unlock", "--repo", repoUrl, "--remove-all", "--json"];
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
+	const args = ["unlock", "--repo", repoUrl, "--remove-all"];
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const res = await $`restic ${args}`.env(env).nothrow();
 	await cleanupTemporaryKeys(config, env);
@@ -662,7 +658,7 @@ const check = async (config: RepositoryConfig, options?: { readData?: boolean })
 		args.push("--read-data");
 	}
 
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const res = await $`restic ${args}`.env(env).nothrow();
 	await cleanupTemporaryKeys(config, env);
@@ -696,7 +692,7 @@ const repairIndex = async (config: RepositoryConfig) => {
 	const env = await buildEnv(config);
 
 	const args = ["repair", "index", "--repo", repoUrl];
-	addRepoSpecificArgs(args, config, env);
+	addCommonArgs(args, config, env);
 
 	const res = await $`restic ${args}`.env(env).nothrow();
 	await cleanupTemporaryKeys(config, env);
@@ -717,7 +713,9 @@ const repairIndex = async (config: RepositoryConfig) => {
 	};
 };
 
-const addRepoSpecificArgs = (args: string[], config: RepositoryConfig, env: Record<string, string>) => {
+const addCommonArgs = (args: string[], config: RepositoryConfig, env: Record<string, string>) => {
+	args.push("--retry-lock", "1m", "--json");
+
 	if (config.backend === "sftp" && env._SFTP_SSH_ARGS) {
 		args.push("-o", `sftp.args=${env._SFTP_SSH_ARGS}`);
 	}